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The Abacos


We had a smooth passage north towards the Abacos and our first stop was at Spanish Wells in northern Eleuthera.  The winds were west so we tucked on the east side of Meeks patch and the next day as the winds went North we anchored just south of Russell Island.  From here it was an easy dingy ride into Spanish Wells.

Spanish Wells is a very unique island. It is almost all white and very prosperous. It is also dry so no alcohol is sold or served in restaurants. The main industry is fishing and the major catch is crayfish or Bahamian Lobster. Spanish Wells supplies over half of the lobsters for all of the Bahamas and the fisherman make a very good living.  We saw several of the mother boats returning to harbor with their catch.  They towed the small boats used by divers hunting for lobster and conch.  Most mother ships had at least 3 and sometimes as many as 6 of the small boats.
We went in and filled a propane gas tank, did some food shopping and had a nice lunch.  Kim suffered without her normal Kalik beer but somehow survived.  These kids were jumping of the bridge and agreed to perform for us.  We bought some grouper directly from a fisherman but the lobster prices were too dear for us.
After a quiet night we made the 10 hour passage to the Abacos and anchored just inside Lynyard Cay where we found a calm spot to drop the hook in about 8ft over white sand.  The next day we took a 2 mile dingy ride into Little Harbor.

Our guidebooks say Little Harbor “comes close to anyone’s dream of a Bahamian hideaway”. It is a much protected bay with a mixed shoreline of high rock cliffs and caves, a smattering of cottages, and a sandy beach. 
We were enticed ashore by the aromas wafting from Pete’s pub. The pub has a roof, but no walls or floor, a small bar area and large eating area with heavy wood tables and benches that sit on the sand. You could wiggle your toes in the warm sand floor and read the signed tee shirts hanging from the ceiling. The pub served burgers, conch and a variety of fresh caught fish…grouper, snapper, wahoo, and Kim had trigger fish…excellent. After lunch at the pub we wandered to the Gallery where bronze works were displayed and for sale.
 
This is the Gallery, Studio and Forge of the late Randolph Johnstone, well known artist of bronze sculptures. His sculptures became famous and ultimately lucrative. One of his large works, titled “St. Peter: Fisher of Men,” rests in the Vatican’s museum in Rome. It is now his son Pete Johnston, himself an acclaimed bronze & wood sculptor, who operates the facility. 
  
There were some pieces done by the late Randolph Johnstone but most of the pieces were done by his son Pete (hence ‘Pete’s Pub’). Emily bought a nice leather belt with a cast turtle buckle.  Further along the path we came to the Studio and Foundry, where the bronzes are cast. We were unable to see the casting process, which is done only a few times during the summer season.
We met a nice couple cruising on Mud Puddle Rose, a Grand Banks, and we went north with them for a snorkel on Sandy Cay.  The snorkeling was good but the swell made it a little rolly.  After the snorkel both boats moved north just outside Hopetown for calmer waters where Joe and Susan joined us on Emily Grace for dinner with Kim’s nasi goreng. Joe was full of cruising tips for the few remaining cays to my northwest and it was a nice evening.  They brought their poodle Bocci and Emily enjoyed playing with her.
 
Next we motored north to Hopetown.  Hope Town was settled by British Loyalists who were seeking safe refuge after the American Revolution.  Many of the settlers came from the Carolinas, by way of East Florida, after that area was turned over to Spain in the Peace of Paris (1783).  The same treaty called for the evacuation of New York by the loyalists.  Many people moved back to England, Canada, or south to the British Caribbean.  The initial settlements were at Carleton (near the current Treasure Cay) and Marsh Harbour.  By 1785, there were over 1,000 refugees in Abaco who were distributed in five or six settlements.  The settlement at Hope Town was founded in 1785, in part, by a widow from South Carolina named Wyannie Malone.  Wyannie, along with her children, started a dynasty in Hope Town that spread the Malone name throughout the Bahamas, over to Florida, and outwards from there.
Every magazine picture of the Bahamas includes a photograph of one very historic lighthouse. After making our arrival at Hope Town Marina, we proceeded to the end of the island to the lighthouse steps. After a short walk to the entrance to the lighthouse, you enter, and then work your way up six levels to the top. You get great views of the Abacos in almost every direction.
 
 
  
This lighthouse is the only kerosene fueled lighthouse remaining in the Bahamas. There once were three, but technology and cost of ownership, has seen two of the remaining three converted. This lighthouse has been added to the UNESCO trust.
The candy striped tower rises 124 steps above the mound upon which it stands. The mechanism that rotates the light is a clockwork mechanism that is powered by a huge weight and must be rewound every two hours. The 8000 pound burner and its Fresnel lens rotate on a pool of mercury that reduces friction. A light push of the hand is enough to turn it. Construction of the lighthouse was opposed by inhabitants of Hope Town who made their living salvaging valuable cargo from ships that wrecked in the shallow waters. In one incident, salvers rescued the cargo of a ship en route to Cuba—slaves. They took the human cargo to Nassau where they were set free.
It is a picturesque little town with small, colorful houses, lots of flowers and narrow streets and lanes.  There is only one real street that forks into two branches for a short distance. That street is navigable by small cars and trucks but the most common form of transportation is the golf cart. The lanes are so narrow that they are accessible only to pedestrians and bicycles.
We were walking along looking at the pastel painted houses when we came across a small tree being devoured by about a dozen of these enormous colorful caterpillars.  We looked them up when we got back and found that they become a large but very dull looking moth.
 
Pseudosphinx tetrio is a species of moth in the family Sphingidae. Its common names include tetrio sphinx, giant gray sphinx, frangipani hornworm, and plumeria caterpillar. It is native to the tropical and subtropical Americas from the southern and southwestern United States to Brazil. The occasional individual has been recorded as far north as the northeastern United States so we must be getting close to home.

After Hopetown, we anchored in Marsh Harbor which is a good size town with a US style grocery store.  We got a few provisions to hold us until we reach Florida.  After the winds clocked around east again, we visited Great Guana Cay.  We first anchored in Bakers bay that was created by a cruise ship company.  They dredged out a deep water bay and actually created an island with the dredged sand.  The cruise ship company has long abandoned this harbor but the island was great for collecting shells.  After 2 days we moved just outside Settlement harbor for lunch at Nippers Bar.
Next stop was Green Turtle Cay and we anchored outside the harbor for the first night.  Tom took the dingy into Black Sound with the depth sounder and made sure Emily Gracewould not run aground going in the narrow, shallow channel.  The next morning at high tide we entered without any drama with 8 inches under the keel…plenty of depth!  Inside we found deeper water and grabbed a mooring ball at $15 per night at Donny’s Dock.
Originally settled in 1783 by the “Loyalists” escaping the revolutionary war, Green Turtle Cay is one of the most historical of the out islands. New Plymouth, Green Turtle’s main settlement with its brightly painted clapboard and gingerbread adorned houses and narrow picket fence lined streets is reminiscent of a quaint New England town. 
 
The town offers several historical sites including its 200 year old cemetery, the Cays original jail (now painted pink) a model schooner museum, Albert Lowe Museum, a Sculpture Garden with bronze busts of famous Bahamian historical figures along with many historical homes. 
 
We rented a golf cart for two days and Emily really enjoyed driving around.  The Captain took over in the narrow concrete streets of New Plymouth but Emily did pretty good elsewhere.   
We enjoyed lunches ashore and bought some local coconut bread warm from the oven.  We are now officially famous since we were recognized by some strangers who have been reading our blog.  They nervously approached us at a restaurant and asked if we were that famous circumnavigator family.  News quickly spread around the dock and soon other cruisers were coming by to ask about favorite places, best equipment to have on a cruising boat, how much it all cost, etc.  The captain handed out wisdom and stories while Emily folded and handed out origami birds and dragons.  It was all pretty cool and yes, we now all have swelled heads.  

After Green Turtle Cay we moved to an uninhabited island called Powell Cay.  It was recommended by Aries II as a nice place to relax in front of a white sand beach.  It was just that and Kim and Emily snorkeled and collected more shells there.  We stayed 2 days until the winds shifted and drove us into the protected shores of Coopers Town.  There we walked the small working town and found a restaurant to serve us cracked conch fritters.  
We stopped once more at Crab Cay to collect the weather while we were within range of the cell towers.  Since we now have a good forecast we will head off tomorrow.  Tomorrows’ run will be a 7 hour run to Great Sale Cay and will take us out of cell phone/internet range .  This is other uninhabited island with a white sand beach.  We will spend the night there and leave Wednesday morning for the 160 mile passage across the Gulf Stream and into Cape Canaveral. The key here is to avoid any north winds that would oppose the swift north flowing current and build big waves.  With any luck our last tricky passage will go well.  
Stay tuned Dear reader to see how we did.
Tom

The Abacos

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We had a smooth
passage north towards the Abacos and our first stop was at Spanish Wells in
northern Eleuthera.  The winds were west
so we tucked on the east side of Meeks patch and the next day as the winds went
North we anchored just south of Russell Island. 
From here it was an easy dingy ride into Spanish Wells.

Spanish
Wells is a very unique island. It is almost all white and very prosperous. It
is also dry so no alcohol is sold or served in restaurants. The main industry
is fishing and the major catch is crayfish or Bahamian Lobster. Spanish Wells
supplies over half of the lobsters for all of the Bahamas and the fisherman
make a very good living.  We saw several
of the mother boats returning to harbor with their catch.  They towed the small boats used by divers
hunting for lobster and conch.  Most
mother ships had at least 3 and sometimes as many as 6 of the small boats.
We went
in and filled a propane gas tank, did some food shopping and had a nice
lunch.  Kim suffered without her normal
Kalik beer but somehow survived.  These
kids were jumping of the bridge and agreed to perform for us.  We bought some grouper directly from a
fisherman but the lobster prices were too dear for us.
After a
quiet night we made the 10 hour passage to the Abacos and anchored just inside
Lynyard Cay where we found a calm spot to drop the hook in about 8ft over white
sand.  The next day we took a 2 mile
dingy ride into Little Harbor.

Our guidebooks say Little Harbor “comes close to anyone’s dream of a
Bahamian hideaway”. It is a much protected bay with a mixed shoreline of
high rock cliffs and caves, a smattering of cottages, and a sandy beach. 
We were enticed
ashore by the aromas wafting from Pete’s pub. The pub has a roof, but no walls
or floor, a small bar area and large eating area with heavy wood tables and
benches that sit on the sand. You could wiggle your toes in the warm sand floor
and read the signed tee shirts hanging from the ceiling. The pub served
burgers, conch and a variety of fresh caught fish…grouper, snapper, wahoo,
and Kim had trigger fish…excellent. After lunch at the pub we wandered to the
Gallery where bronze works were displayed and for sale.
 
This is the Gallery,
Studio and Forge of the late Randolph Johnstone, well known artist of bronze
sculptures. His sculptures became famous and ultimately lucrative. One of his
large works, titled “St. Peter: Fisher of Men,” rests in the
Vatican’s museum in Rome. It is now his son Pete Johnston, himself an acclaimed
bronze & wood sculptor, who operates the facility. 
  
There were some
pieces done by the late Randolph Johnstone but most of the pieces were done by
his son Pete (hence ‘Pete’s Pub’). Emily bought a nice leather belt with a cast
turtle buckle.  Further along the path we
came to the Studio and Foundry, where the bronzes are cast. We were unable to
see the casting process, which is done only a few times during the summer
season.
We met a nice
couple cruising on Mud Puddle Rose, a
Grand Banks, and we went north with them for a snorkel on Sandy Cay.  The snorkeling was good but the swell made it
a little rolly.  After the snorkel both
boats moved north just outside Hopetown for calmer waters where Joe and Susan
joined us on Emily Grace for dinner
with Kim’s nasi goreng. Joe was
full of cruising tips for the few remaining cays to my northwest and it was a
nice evening.  They brought their poodle
Bocci and Emily enjoyed playing with her.
 
Next we motored
north to Hopetown.  Hope Town was settled
by British Loyalists who were seeking safe refuge after the American
Revolution.  Many of the settlers came from the Carolinas, by way of East
Florida, after that area was turned over to Spain in the Peace of Paris
(1783).  The same treaty called for the evacuation of New York by the
loyalists.  Many people moved back to England, Canada, or south to the
British Caribbean.  The initial settlements were at Carleton (near the
current Treasure Cay) and Marsh Harbour.  By 1785, there were over 1,000
refugees in Abaco who were distributed in five or six settlements.  The
settlement at Hope Town was founded in 1785, in part, by a widow from South
Carolina named Wyannie Malone.  Wyannie, along with her children, started
a dynasty in Hope Town that spread the Malone name throughout the Bahamas, over
to Florida, and outwards from there.
Every magazine
picture of the Bahamas includes a photograph of one very historic lighthouse.
After making our arrival at Hope Town Marina, we proceeded to the end of the
island to the lighthouse steps. After a short walk to the entrance to the
lighthouse, you enter, and then work your way up six levels to the top. You get
great views of the Abacos in almost every direction.
 
 
  
This lighthouse is the only kerosene fueled lighthouse remaining in the
Bahamas. There once were three, but technology and cost of ownership, has seen
two of the remaining three converted. This lighthouse has been added to the
UNESCO trust.
The candy striped
tower rises 124 steps above the mound upon which it stands. The mechanism that
rotates the light is a clockwork mechanism that is powered by a huge weight and
must be rewound every two hours. The 8000 pound burner and its Fresnel lens
rotate on a pool of mercury that reduces friction. A light push of the hand is
enough to turn it. Construction of the lighthouse was opposed by inhabitants of
Hope Town who made their living salvaging valuable cargo from ships that
wrecked in the shallow waters. In one incident, salvers rescued the cargo of a
ship en route to Cuba—slaves. They took the human cargo to Nassau where they
were set free.
It is a
picturesque little town with small, colorful houses, lots of flowers and narrow
streets and lanes.  There is only one
real street that forks into two branches for a short distance. That street is
navigable by small cars and trucks but the most common form of transportation
is the golf cart. The lanes are so narrow that they are accessible only to
pedestrians and bicycles.
We were walking
along looking at the pastel painted houses when we came across a small tree
being devoured by about a dozen of these enormous colorful caterpillars.  We looked them up when we got back and found
that they become a large but very dull looking moth.
 
Pseudosphinx
tetrio is a species of moth in the family Sphingidae. Its common names include
tetrio sphinx, giant gray sphinx, frangipani hornworm, and plumeria
caterpillar. It is native to the tropical and subtropical Americas from the
southern and southwestern United States to Brazil. The occasional individual
has been recorded as far north as the northeastern United States so we must be
getting close to home.

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After Hopetown, we
anchored in Marsh Harbor which is a good size town with a US style grocery store.  We got a few provisions to hold us until we
reach Florida.  After the winds clocked
around east again, we visited Great Guana Cay. 
We first anchored in Bakers bay that was created by a cruise ship
company.  They dredged out a deep water
bay and actually created an island with the dredged sand.  The cruise ship company has long abandoned this
harbor but the island was great for collecting shells.  After 2 days we moved just outside Settlement
harbor for lunch at Nippers Bar.
Next stop was
Green Turtle Cay and we anchored outside the harbor for the first night.  Tom took the dingy into Black Sound with the
depth sounder and made sure Emily Grace
would not run aground going in the narrow, shallow channel.  The next morning at high tide we entered
without any drama with 8 inches under the keel…plenty of depth!  Inside we found deeper water and grabbed a
mooring ball at $15 per night at Donny’s Dock.
Originally settled
in 1783 by the “Loyalists” escaping the revolutionary war, Green
Turtle Cay is one of the most historical of the out islands. New Plymouth,
Green Turtle’s main settlement with its brightly painted clapboard and gingerbread
adorned houses and narrow picket fence lined streets is reminiscent of a quaint New England town. 
 
The town offers several historical sites including its 200 year old cemetery,
the Cays original jail (now painted pink) a model schooner museum, Albert Lowe
Museum, a Sculpture Garden with bronze busts of famous Bahamian historical
figures along with many historical homes. 
 
We rented a golf
cart for two days and Emily really enjoyed driving around.  The Captain took over in the narrow concrete
streets of New Plymouth but Emily did pretty good elsewhere.   
We enjoyed lunches ashore and bought some
local coconut bread warm from the oven. 
We are now officially famous since we were recognized by some strangers
who have been reading our blog.  They
nervously approached us at a restaurant and asked if we were that famous circumnavigator
family.  News quickly spread around the
dock and soon other cruisers were coming by to ask about favorite places, best
equipment to have on a cruising boat, how much it all cost, etc.  The captain handed out wisdom and stories while
Emily folded and handed out origami birds and dragons.  It was all pretty cool and yes, we now all
have swelled heads.  

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After Green Turtle
Cay we moved to an uninhabited island called Powell Cay.  It was recommended by Aries II as a nice
place to relax in front of a white sand beach. 
It was just that and Kim and Emily snorkeled and collected more shells
there.  We stayed 2 days until the winds
shifted and drove us into the protected shores of Coopers Town.  There we walked the small working town and
found a restaurant to serve us cracked conch fritters.  
We stopped once
more at Crab Cay to collect the weather while we were within range of the cell
towers.  Since we now have a good
forecast we will head off tomorrow.  Tomorrows’
run will be a 7 hour run to Great Sale Cay and will take us out of cell phone/internet range . 
This is other uninhabited island with a white sand beach.  We will spend the night there and leave Wednesday
morning for the 160 mile passage across the Gulf Stream and into Cape
Canaveral. The key here is to avoid any north winds that would oppose the swift
north flowing current and build big waves. 
With any luck our last tricky passage will go well.  
Stay tuned Dear reader
to see how we did.
Tom

Camouflage in the Underwater World – By Emily

Gaze at a reef and you’ll see a vivid habitat- tan fire coral, purple gorgonians, red lacy-looking lionfish, and millions of other colors and corals. But what is more interesting is what you can’t see… and what’s in clear view telling you “don’t touch me”. In reefs all animals drape themselves in color or camouflage to entice mates, catch prey, or even hide in plain sight. 
Butterfly Fish (Ref 5)

There are many types of camouflage, many of which we have seen in our travels. The most common is coloring that resembles surroundings. Many wrasses and parrotfish are blue or brown to mimic the color of the water or coral. Most young parrotfish look a lot like coral, so that when they move it seems like the coral has come to life. The most amazing example is the frogfish, a creature even I have not seen, but still hope to. One that we have seen is the devil scorpion fish. 

Scorpianfish (Ref 10)
Most of the angelfish and butterfly fish use disruptive coloring to break up their distinct shape and become more like the reef. Non-repetitive designs like spots or stripes may stand out in open water, but they become part of the menagerie of shapes in a reef. Queen and Emperor Angelfish are blue and yellow striped to blend in, and Threespot Flounder have eyes on their body to confuse predators.
Yet other creatures find different ways to hide. Toad fish, stargazers, and rays lie close to the bottom to eliminate their shadow, making them almost invisible to predators; they’re just a lump in the sand. Fish like lizardfishes and garden eels even bury themselves or dig holes. One rare fish that we have seen is the shortnose batfish that looks basically like a pancake with two legs, a tail, and a snoot. Many shells bury themselves in sand; the only giveaway is their track that weaves through the ripples of sand. Wobbegongs are flat and colored to the bottom, and they’re so confident in their camouflage they won’t move unless touched.  
Long Nose Batfish (Ref 4)
The most breathtaking form of camouflage is self-decoration. Hermit crabs carry a heavy shell, Decorator Crabs load themselves with massive amounts of debris, and Carrier Shells glue on shell fragments in a spiral pattern. Many shells are smooth to repel such growths, but others, like the Atlantic Thorny Oyster give lots of protrusions to attract algae and coral. 
Carrier Shell (Ref 6)
Trumpet fish and seahorses display cryptic behavior, mimicking the reef, whether that may be swaying soft corals or waving grasses. Razorfish and trumpetfish are long and skinny to look like a floating branch. Groupers and many other fish stay very still, relying on their coloring to stay inconspicuous. Trumpet fish are the funniest, for when they are approached, they stay very still, only moving to sway back and forth. Suddenly they start to change color and dart away to safety.
Trumpetfish (Ref 8)
What I think of as the best camouflage is changing color; the octopus, flounder, and squid do it well. Octopi not only use it to camouflage, they also use it to hunt. They drift over a patch of coral when they’re dark brown, and then stop and make their webbing white. Fish in the rocks think it’s an opening and dart into the octopus’s hungry mouth. When they’re still they change color rapidly to suit the coral, which is impressive considering they’re colorblind. Once we saw an octopus eating a conch, a few tentacles in and around it, but when he saw us he stopped and hastily changed color, not moving even when we were a few inches away, as if to say, “it’s mine, go away!”
Octopus Eating Conch, can you spot him? (Ref 9)
Open-ocean fish are often silvery or transparent to color themselves like the sea. Moon jellyfish are almost entirely clear; the only giveaway is their faint outline and slight shimmer. Fish like tuna are silvery to reflect light and appear blue from a distance. Some squid illuminate their underside with sparkles so as not to appear as a dark shape when viewed from below.  
Squid (Ref 7)
Some animals have light-colored underbellies because they are “counter-shaded.” They are darkest on their backs, which are most often in direct sunlight, and lightest on their undersides, where a predator would see against the sun. An effectively camouflaged prey may appear flat and insubstantial.
Some sea creatures use motion dazzle. Motion dazzle may degrade predators’ ability to estimate the prey’s speed and direction accurately, giving the prey an improved chance of escape. Motion dazzle distorts speed perception, and is most effective at high speeds; stripes can also distort perception of size (and so, perceived range to the target). One example is a school of moving striped fish, such as razor fish and striped catfish.
Striped Catfish (Ref 13)
Underwater, the most complicated disguise is the art of using depth and color. As you may know, colors disappear with the reds and oranges fading first. Longer wavelengths of reds and oranges are quickly absorbed by the water. Damselfish, angelfish, and wrasses decorate themselves with these colors so that their color fades and blends, with depth, into the colors of the background, blue, green, and yellow dominating. Clouds of angelfish, and damselfish would blend their colors into a collage of multi shaded masses, stripes and spots helping to weave the pattern of the busy reef habitat.  The more fish, the merrier, with such an excess of pattern and color, no one creature stands out. You can easily imagine how a predator would have trouble picking a single fish from a school of similar color, constantly moving.

Anthias Normal (Ref 11)
But, the color so useful in fading away can also be used to stand out. Fish use vivid displays of color to communicate their love to mates… or to warn away unwanted guests. Masters of beauty, Athias, appear drab normally, but erect their dorsal fins and blare their colors to attract a mate. The show doesn’t last for long though, the colorful performance exposing them to great risk from predators. The ability to change color is a class of skin cells
called chromatophores that show color through light manipulation or pigmentation. Chromatophores can instantly mark their bearer as terrifying, invisible, or irresistible.
Anthias Courting (Ref 12)

Some other colorful examples are Stonefish, who use their brown exterior to be invisible, but when frightened, open their colorful pectoral fins to warn off predators, “Stay away, I’m poisonous!”, and cleaner shrimp, who are not only colorful, but at a depth seem black and white, where red turns black.
In the underwater world, those who stand out and stay still clearly have a meaning. Bold colors can advertise danger. Clown fish sit in stinging anemones, lionfish are poisonous, and scorpion fish are too. 
Fire urchins are red, yellow, purple and blue, able to stand out at any depth, and blast the message: toxic. One day I saw a ray that was unfamiliar to me. It was sitting on the bottom innocently covered with sand, and stupid me wanted to see what color it was. I dove down to the bottom and touched it to make it move, since it clearly wasn’t afraid- bad mistake. Zzzzzzt!  I received an electric shock; I later learned it was a lesser electric ray. I never did see its color, but lesson learned, and I didn’t try to touch it again. Just yesterday, we saw an Atlantic Torpedo, able to produce enough electricity to stop a man’s heart. 
Torpedo Ray (Ref 14)
But, if a fish wanted to attract a mate without being seen, how would he do it? To solve this problem Damselfish use reflectors to flash UV signals to communicate with others, and predators can’t see it. A male Squarespot Anthias is red and orange in normal light, at eighty feet is blue and purple, but in UV light is dark with a brilliant white spot, an easily seen signal to others of his kind, but not predators.  


Every creature is exceptional in its own way, a majority amazing in camouflage. Others have found a way to stand out, extraordinary and bathed in color.
Emily
References:
1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflage
2. National Geographic  Vol. 209     NO. 5    May 2005
3. Reef Fish Identification, Tropical Pacific
6. http://www.zymoglyphic.org/exhibits/xenophora/images/4.jpg 
7. a-z animals.com  
9. emilygwestonphotography.com 
10. http://www.divevietnam.com/ 
12. www.flickr.com 
14.www.elasmodiver.com 

Camouflage in the Underwater World – By Emily

Gaze at a reef and
you’ll see a vivid habitat- tan fire coral, purple gorgonians, red lacy-looking
lionfish, and millions of other colors and corals. But what is more interesting
is what you can’t see… and what’s in clear view telling you “don’t touch me”.
In reefs all animals drape themselves in color or camouflage to entice mates,
catch prey, or even hide in plain sight. 
Butterfly Fish (Ref 5)

There are many
types of camouflage, many of which we have seen in our travels. The most common
is coloring that resembles surroundings. Many wrasses and parrotfish are blue
or brown to mimic the color of the water or coral. Most young parrotfish look a
lot like coral, so that when they move it seems like the coral has come to
life. The most amazing example is the frogfish, a creature even I have not seen,
but still hope to. One that we have seen is the devil scorpion fish. 

Scorpianfish (Ref 10)
Most of the
angelfish and butterfly fish use disruptive coloring to break up their distinct
shape and become more like the reef. Non-repetitive designs like spots or
stripes may stand out in open water, but they become part of the menagerie of
shapes in a reef. Queen and Emperor Angelfish are blue and yellow striped to
blend in, and Threespot Flounder have eyes on their body to confuse predators.
Yet other
creatures find different ways to hide. Toad fish, stargazers, and rays lie
close to the bottom to eliminate their shadow, making them almost invisible to
predators; they’re just a lump in the sand. Fish like lizardfishes and garden
eels even bury themselves or dig holes. One rare fish that we have seen is the
shortnose batfish that looks basically like a pancake with two legs, a tail,
and a snoot. Many shells bury themselves in sand; the only giveaway is their
track that weaves through the ripples of sand. Wobbegongs are flat and colored
to the bottom, and they’re so confident in their camouflage they won’t move
unless touched.  
Long Nose Batfish (Ref 4)
The most
breathtaking form of camouflage is self-decoration. Hermit crabs carry a heavy
shell, Decorator Crabs load themselves with massive amounts of debris, and
Carrier Shells glue on shell fragments in a spiral pattern. Many shells are
smooth to repel such growths, but others, like the Atlantic Thorny Oyster give
lots of protrusions to attract algae and coral. 
Carrier Shell (Ref 6)
Trumpet fish and seahorses
display cryptic behavior, mimicking the reef, whether that may be swaying soft
corals or waving grasses. Razorfish and trumpetfish are long and skinny to look
like a floating branch. Groupers and many other fish stay very still, relying
on their coloring to stay inconspicuous. Trumpet fish are the funniest, for
when they are approached, they stay very still, only moving to sway back and
forth. Suddenly they start to change color and dart away to safety.
Trumpetfish (Ref 8)
What I think of as
the best camouflage is changing color; the octopus, flounder, and squid do it
well. Octopi not only use it to camouflage, they also use it to hunt. They
drift over a patch of coral when they’re dark brown, and then stop and make
their webbing white. Fish in the rocks think it’s an opening and dart into the
octopus’s hungry mouth. When they’re still they change color rapidly to suit
the coral, which is impressive considering they’re colorblind. Once we saw an
octopus eating a conch, a few tentacles in and around it, but when he saw us he
stopped and hastily changed color, not moving even when we were a few inches
away, as if to say, “it’s mine, go away!”
Octopus Eating Conch, can you spot him? (Ref 9)
Open-ocean fish
are often silvery or transparent to color themselves like the sea. Moon jellyfish are almost entirely clear; the
only giveaway is their faint outline and slight shimmer. Fish like tuna are
silvery to reflect light and appear blue from a distance. Some squid illuminate
their underside with sparkles so as not to appear as a dark shape when viewed
from below.
 
Squid (Ref 7)
Some
animals have light-colored underbellies because they are
“counter-shaded.” They are darkest on their backs, which are most
often in direct sunlight, and lightest on their undersides, where a predator
would see against the sun. An effectively camouflaged prey may appear flat and
insubstantial.
Some sea creatures
use motion dazzle. Motion dazzle may degrade predators’ ability to estimate the
prey’s speed and direction accurately, giving the prey an improved chance of escape.
Motion dazzle distorts speed perception, and is most effective at high speeds;
stripes can also distort perception of size (and so, perceived range to the
target). One example is a school of moving striped fish, such as razor fish and
striped catfish.
Striped Catfish (Ref 13)
Underwater, the
most complicated disguise is the art of using depth and color. As you may know,
colors disappear with the reds and oranges fading first. Longer wavelengths of
reds and oranges are quickly absorbed by the water. Damselfish, angelfish, and
wrasses decorate themselves with these colors so that their color fades and blends,
with depth, into the colors of the background, blue, green, and yellow
dominating. Clouds of angelfish, and damselfish would blend their colors into a
collage of multi shaded masses, stripes and spots helping to weave the pattern
of the busy reef habitat.  The more fish,
the merrier, with such an excess of pattern and color, no one creature stands
out. You can easily imagine how a predator would have trouble picking a single
fish from a school of similar color, constantly moving.

Anthias Normal (Ref 11)
But, the color so
useful in fading away can also be used to stand out. Fish use vivid displays of
color to communicate their love to mates… or to warn away unwanted guests. Masters
of beauty, Athias, appear drab normally, but erect their dorsal fins and blare
their colors to attract a mate. The show doesn’t last for long though, the
colorful performance exposing them to great risk from predators. The ability to
change color is a class of skin cells
called chromatophores that show color
through light manipulation or pigmentation. Chromatophores can instantly mark
their bearer as terrifying, invisible, or irresistible.
Anthias Courting (Ref 12)

Some other
colorful examples are Stonefish, who use their brown exterior to be invisible,
but when frightened, open their colorful pectoral fins to warn off predators, “Stay
away, I’m poisonous!”, and cleaner shrimp, who are not only colorful, but at a
depth seem black and white, where red turns black.
In the underwater
world, those who stand out and stay still clearly have a meaning. Bold colors
can advertise danger. Clown fish sit in stinging anemones, lionfish are
poisonous, and scorpion fish are too. 
Fire urchins are red, yellow, purple and
blue, able to stand out at any depth, and blast the message: toxic. One day I saw a ray that was
unfamiliar to me. It was sitting on the bottom innocently covered with sand,
and stupid me wanted to see what color it was. I dove down to the bottom and
touched it to make it move, since it clearly wasn’t afraid- bad mistake.
Zzzzzzt!  I received an electric shock; I
later learned it was a lesser electric ray. I never did see its color, but
lesson learned, and I didn’t try to touch it again. Just yesterday, we saw an
Atlantic Torpedo, able to produce enough electricity to stop a man’s heart. 
Torpedo Ray (Ref 14)
But, if a fish
wanted to attract a mate without being seen, how would he do it? To solve this
problem Damselfish use reflectors to flash UV signals to communicate with
others, and predators can’t see it. A male Squarespot Anthias is red and orange
in normal light, at eighty feet is blue and purple, but in UV light is dark
with a brilliant white spot, an easily seen signal to others of his kind, but
not predators.  


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Every creature is exceptional
in its own way, a majority amazing in camouflage. Others have found a way to
stand out, extraordinary and bathed in color.
Emily
References:
1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflage
2.
National Geographic  Vol. 209     NO. 5   
May 2005
3.
Reef Fish Identification, Tropical
Pacific
6. http://www.zymoglyphic.org/exhibits/xenophora/images/4.jpg 
7. a-z
animals.com  
9.
emilygwestonphotography.com 
10. http://www.divevietnam.com/ 
12.
www.flickr.com 
14.www.elasmodiver.com 

The Exumas

We spent about 5 days in Georgetown.  We never found a lot of Kid boats but it had
not changed much since 2009.  They still
had an active VHF radio net each morning and plenty of organized activities.  Tom took advantage of the VHF net to
advertise to the 300 cruising boats anchored here and unload some used
items.  We sold our old back-up dingy, 2
HP outboard motor and all of our paper Caribbean charts to 3 different
cruisers.  Here is a pic of our old dingy
being towed away…it had no patches but it was almost 10 years old.

We also found the Chat ‘n Chill conch bar was still there and
we ordered up 3 salads for a beach snack. 
We watched them bring 3 conchs up from the beach, open and clean them
and then chop them up (raw) finely with fresh onions, peppers, tomatoes and
they drowned it all in lime and orange juice. 
I even had them add a little diced habanero hot pepper to mine for some
extra zip!  

Man, was that good.  Emily enjoyed petting the tame sting rays
that were also enjoying the conch discards.

From Georgetown we moved northwest to Rudder Cut Cay where
we took shelter from the wind that would clock from southeast to west to north
within 24 to 36 hours before returning to the normal easterly direction.  This happened each time a cold front went
through which was happening about every 5 days. 
We had to plan our moves to enjoy the south wind while moving north but
find good shelter from the clocking winds after arrival.  Because of the limited anchorages giving
shelter from the west winds and the sheer number of cruising boats, it was a
challenge to find room. 

We saw 3 good
sized boats driven hard aground on reefs. 
This fellow tried to anchor near me but was convinced (by me) that there was not
enough room and anchored elsewhere.  The
next morning, he was hard on a reef and was pulled off by the blue salvage
vessel.

The water was clear at Rudder Cut Cay.  Kim and Emily Snorkeled each day collecting
shells.  We saw an underwater statue here
too before moving north to Big Majors & Staniel Cay. Check out the eyes on the milk conch in the photo below.

 
We enjoyed feeding the swimming pigs again and snorkeling
Thunderball Cave.  The nurse sharks are
still hanging around the dingy dock at the yacht club waiting for handouts.

 
Warderick Wells was our next stop but was a disappointment
because we were looking forward to feeding the sugar birds (bannaquits).  During our 2009 stop, the rangers handed out
sugar and Emily had swarms of the birds on her tiny hands.  Environmental Nazis have now stopped handing
out sugar and they discourage feeding them. 
We ignored their idiocy, took out our own sugar and found at least one
bird that remembered the good old days with us. 

 

Tom and Emily hiked up towards Boo Boo Hill and Tom slipped on some
loose rocks and found a different type of Boo Boo.  Despite a bloody knee we enjoyed the views.

After Wardrick Wells, we stopped at Shroud Cay.  This island was new to us and we enjoyed
taking the dingy through the winding mangrove streams all the way to the
eastern side and a powder white beach.

 

 
Our last stop in the Exumas was Allen’s Cay.  Although crowded in the main anchorage, we
found just enough room to set our hook in southwest Allan’s Cay.  We were all alone with our private white
sandy beach. We were a bit anxious as the winds rose to 25 knots and started
clocking around.  At two points in this
process the stern of Emily Grace was only about 30 feet off the jagged coral
coast.  The anchor was dug in hard however
and held well.  This was not the first
time we were thankful for our oversized 120 lb Spade anchor!

 
The big attraction here is the iguanas.  That same private beach in our cove would
swarm with hungry iguanas every time we would come to shore with our table
scraps.  Judging from their numbers, they
seem to be doing just fine.

From here we will make a short hop northeast to Spanish
Wells at the north of Eleuthera before heading up to the Abacos.  These are all new islands to us and we are
anxious to see what they have to offer. 
Come along.

Tom

The Exumas

We spent about 5 days in Georgetown.  We never found a lot of Kid boats but it had not changed much since 2009.  They still had an active VHF radio net each morning and plenty of organized activities.  Tom took advantage of the VHF net to advertise to the 300 cruising boats anchored here and unload some used items.  We sold our old back-up dingy, 2 HP outboard motor and all of our paper Caribbean charts to 3 different cruisers.  Here is a pic of our old dingy being towed away…it had no patches but it was almost 10 years old.

We also found the Chat ‘n Chill conch bar was still there and we ordered up 3 salads for a beach snack.  We watched them bring 3 conchs up from the beach, open and clean them and then chop them up (raw) finely with fresh onions, peppers, tomatoes and they drowned it all in lime and orange juice.  I even had them add a little diced habanero hot pepper to mine for some extra zip!  

Man, was that good.  Emily enjoyed petting the tame sting rays that were also enjoying the conch discards.

From Georgetown we moved northwest to Rudder Cut Cay where we took shelter from the wind that would clock from southeast to west to north within 24 to 36 hours before returning to the normal easterly direction.  This happened each time a cold front went through which was happening about every 5 days.  We had to plan our moves to enjoy the south wind while moving north but find good shelter from the clocking winds after arrival.  Because of the limited anchorages giving shelter from the west winds and the sheer number of cruising boats, it was a challenge to find room. 

We saw 3 good sized boats driven hard aground on reefs.  This fellow tried to anchor near me but was convinced (by me) that there was not enough room and anchored elsewhere.  The next morning, he was hard on a reef and was pulled off by the blue salvage vessel.

The water was clear at Rudder Cut Cay.  Kim and Emily Snorkeled each day collecting shells.  We saw an underwater statue here too before moving north to Big Majors & Staniel Cay. Check out the eyes on the milk conch in the photo below.

 
We enjoyed feeding the swimming pigs again and snorkeling Thunderball Cave.  The nurse sharks are still hanging around the dingy dock at the yacht club waiting for handouts.

 
Warderick Wells was our next stop but was a disappointment because we were looking forward to feeding the sugar birds (bannaquits).  During our 2009 stop, the rangers handed out sugar and Emily had swarms of the birds on her tiny hands.  Environmental Nazis have now stopped handing out sugar and they discourage feeding them.  We ignored their idiocy, took out our own sugar and found at least one bird that remembered the good old days with us. 

 

Tom and Emily hiked up towards Boo Boo Hill and Tom slipped on some loose rocks and found a different type of Boo Boo.  Despite a bloody knee we enjoyed the views.

After Wardrick Wells, we stopped at Shroud Cay.  This island was new to us and we enjoyed taking the dingy through the winding mangrove streams all the way to the eastern side and a powder white beach.

 

 
Our last stop in the Exumas was Allen’s Cay.  Although crowded in the main anchorage, we found just enough room to set our hook in southwest Allan’s Cay.  We were all alone with our private white sandy beach. We were a bit anxious as the winds rose to 25 knots and started clocking around.  At two points in this process the stern of Emily Grace was only about 30 feet off the jagged coral coast.  The anchor was dug in hard however and held well.  This was not the first time we were thankful for our oversized 120 lb Spade anchor!

 
The big attraction here is the iguanas.  That same private beach in our cove would swarm with hungry iguanas every time we would come to shore with our table scraps.  Judging from their numbers, they seem to be doing just fine.

From here we will make a short hop northeast to Spanish Wells at the north of Eleuthera before heading up to the Abacos.  These are all new islands to us and we are anxious to see what they have to offer.  Come along.

Tom

Bahamas – Thompson Bay, Long Island

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Wow
what a great place.  There is a really
large anchorage here and although shallow, we managed to get pretty far into
the north to the edge of the 2 meter deep water to drop the hook.  There is a nice floating dingy dock at Long
Island Breeze restaurant and they are very welcoming. The owner, Mike, even
runs a VHF net with weather and info for the cruisers.  The restaurant food was not too expensive and
we managed to eat several lunches ashore. 
 

There is a Saturday morning market for some fresh vegetables and baked
goods like pumpkin bread and guava rolls. 
There are two grocery stores and auto supplies and a few mechanics.  Every one beeps and waves on the road and
offers rides.  I found the owner of a SCUBA
shop had a garage workshop that rivals mine back home.  He sorted out a broken shower hose by pulling
out a good assortment of special fittings and doing a silver solder repair for
me.
We
did home school, maintenance on the lugger and some varnish work while we were
here for about a week.  We had one day of
westerly winds that made the anchorage uncomfortable, but mostly it was nice
and calm with cool breezes.  One night,
the temps dropped to about 75 F and Emily was wearing socks to keep warm!
We
heard about some caves near the SCUBA shop, so one day after lunch at Long
Island Breeze restaurant, we walked over with two flashlights and a headlamp.  We spoke to owner to access the caves through
his property and they were surprisingly large. 
We quickly found the entrance and walked in…and in….and in.   
 
The tunnels were winding and must have gone
in at least 1000 ft with several side tunnels. 
We were enjoying the stalactites and stalagmites until about half way in
we saw this fellow coiled up in the dark. 
 
That was when Kim decided to turn back with Emily in tow.

On the way out, they spied
this fellow lying on the floor and never stopped to check if it was real or
plastic.
 

The fearless (clueless) Captain soldered on
alone and found the large domed cathedral at the end.  It had to be 50 feet wide and 40 feet tall.

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There were bats on the
ceiling and several were disturbed by our lights and were dive bombing us (within
inches) as we moved through the blackness. 
There were hundreds of deep holes in the ceiling and most were filled
with bats like little apartments. 
   

I managed to go back and lure
Emily through the entire cave system, but mom decided to stay outside and guard
the entrance. 
 

We
saw several beautiful formations and saw the tool marks made by others
harvesting crystal.  Emily and I looked
hard, but never saw any crystals. 
As we neared the exit, we switched off our
lights to get the full experience.  
Tomorrow we will head to Georgetown and hopefully find some more kids for Emily.
Tom

Bahamas – Thompson Bay, Long Island

Wow what a great place.  There is a really large anchorage here and although shallow, we managed to get pretty far into the north to the edge of the 2 meter deep water to drop the hook.  There is a nice floating dingy dock at Long Island Bree…

Bahamas – Mayaguana and Conception Island

After
we got the dingy fixed and lowered the waterline by bringing aboard more
groceries, we fueled up and headed just offshore to Isla Palaminos.  They have free moorings here and that made
for an easy departure at 4AM for our 
night passage to the Bahamas.  
The
seas were a little confused for the first day but the next 2 ½ days were calm
with the wind and swell directly aft.  Emily Grace likes these conditions and
we made fresh water and ice as we slipped by Puerto Rico, The Dominican
Republic, and the Turks and Caicos.  The
winds picked up to 25 knots for the last 12 hours and although they were mainly
aft, we were happy to find Mayaguana where we had left her back in 2009.
The
main anchorage is Abrahams Bay in the south and we got a good refresher course
in how to read depths in the water colors. 
The safest entry is to the west so we took that one and had to work our
way east through 5 miles of shallow water to get near the town.  We watched the light and dark blues and brown
patches as we tried to distinguish between water 13 feet, 6 feet and 2 feet
deep and the coral bommies (pillars) that lie in our path.  We slowly moved through and recorded a nice
electronic breadcrumb trail for our departure.

We
chose this island since it was the most eastern island that afforded both
Customs and Immigration check in and a Batelco office to buy phone and internet
access. Even the guide books note this island as a “settlement” rather than a
town and that it just what we found.  Tom
went ashore to hand over our $300 fee for cruising the Bahamas, took care of
our communication needs and found little reason to step ashore for the
remainder of our stay.  We stayed aboard
for 5 days there while the strong winds blew offshore.  Kim and Emily snorkeled in the clear water
daily and scoured the shoreline for sea beans and rare shells.  After the first couple of nights, the
building ocean swell found the anchorage and we rigged a bridle to point our
bow into the waves and the roll stopped.
Once
the winds died down, we upped anchor and pointed the bow west.  We enjoyed a calm ride and 150 miles later we
found Conception Island.
Conception
Island is highly regarded as one of the most spectacular island in the Bahamas.
The uninhabited island is located on a platform that rises out of the deep
ocean 15 miles east of Santa Maria, Long Island. The island has miles of pink
sand beaches, gorgeous sandstone cliffs, and an extraordinary abundance of
wildlife on the land and in the sea. It is however isolated with not even any
cell phone reception or internet (gasp!).

The main island, Booby Cays, and South Rocks are home to an extraordinary
number of wildlife species, many of which are threatened or endangered. Long
tail tropic birds, sooty terns, oyster catchers, and osprey nest on the island
and cays. The center of the island is a large mangrove and creek habitat and an
important nursery for fish, sharks, conch, and crawfish. Green turtles forage
in the creek, off the southwestern shore, and in the northern bay. The coral
reefs and grass flats in the surrounding sea are unusually healthy and are home
to an abundance of sea life.  One
afternoon Tom was visited by a solitary dolphin swimming around Emily Grace
while the girls were enjoying the beach.

 
Based
on a recommendation from the crew of Aries
Too
, we towed our armada of 3 kayaks two miles south to the mangrove creeks
that almost fill the center of this island. 
 

There, we anchored the dingy and the incoming tide carried us and our
kayaks into this aquatic nursery.  In the
shallow clear water we saw 3 or 4 eagle rays gliding inches below us and dozens
of green turtle heads popped up to see who was visiting.  Tom also saw a small (4 ft) nurse shark
gliding by.  It was very calm and since
we were only hours before sunset, the sun was bright but not too hot.  Bird songs serenaded us while we paddled for
more than an hour when the tide changed and flushed us back to the dingy.  We took our portable GPS with us and were
glad to have it when we needed to find our way out of the labyrinth of small
creeks and passageways. All-in-all a very nice day!

We
spent one more day at this nice location. 
Kim did some laundry and baking, Emily knocked off some homeschool and
Tom rinsed off the kayaks and readied the boat for sea.  Our next stop will be Thompson Bay around the
west side of Long Island.  It is only
about a 7 hour trip and we hope to find groceries, restaurants and more fellow
cruisers.  Come along, dear reader and
join us to see what we find.
Tom

Bahamas – Mayaguana and Conception Island

After we got the dingy fixed and lowered the waterline by bringing aboard more groceries, we fueled up and headed just offshore to Isla Palaminos.  They have free moorings here and that made for an easy departure at 4AM for our  night passage…